» » Ялівець козацький (Juniperus sabina)

Ялівець козацький (Juniperus sabina)

Ялівець козацький (Juniperus sabina L.) — низькорослий сланкий дводомний вічнозелений кущ родини Кипарисових (Cupressaceae). Рослина отруйна, може також використовуватися як лікарська.

Чагарник, у рідкісних випадках невелике дерево до 5 м заввишки з неправильною кроною. Гілочки і хвоя інтенсивно зелені, з сильним запахом. Хвоя лусковидна, ромбічна або ромбічно-ланцетна, трохи загострена, на гілках сидить по три, на гілочках розміщається в 4 рядки черепицеподібно. Органи спороношення містяться на кінцях маленьких пазушних гілочок, вкриті дрібними лусковидними листочками, чоловічі шишечки спрямовані догори, яйцевидні, утворені круглястими лусочками, жіночі шишечки майже кулясті.

Запилюється у травні. Після запліднення луски жіночої шишечки зростаються і утворюють соковиту зелену шишкоягоду. Шишкоягоди достигають восени першого або наступного року. Стиглі шишкоягоди звислі, чорні, з сизою поволокою, 5—8 мм в діаметрі.

Родом з гір Центральної і Південної Європи, Західної і Середньої Азії, від Іспанії на схід до Сибіру, як правило, ростуть на висоті 1000—3300 м.

В Україні ялівець козацький росте на вапнякових скелях у Криму і на Закарпатті. У багатьох парках його культивують як декоративну рослину.

Природнім біомом зростання є ліси та гаї на скелястих гірських схилах і піщаних дюнах. Рослина дуже терпима до холоду, посухи і газів; не має спеціальних вимог щодо ґрунту.

Особливу увагу заслуговує ялівець козацький у декоративних композиціях. Належачи до вічнозелених хвойних рослин, він формує на поверхні землі килимові укриття, які здатні існувати упродовж сотень років. Завдячуючи декоративним якостям, морозостійкості та посухостійкості саме цей вид ялівцю застосовується для озеленення найрізноманітніших міських об'єктів.

 

 

 

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